An Analysis Of Water Distillation Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is a tasteless, odorless, and about colorless ( it has a little intimation of blue ) substance in its pure signifier that is indispensable to all known signifiers of life and is known besides as the most cosmopolitan dissolver. Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It exists in many topographic points and signifiers. It appears largely in the oceans and polar ice caps, but besides as clouds, rain H2O, rivers, fresh water aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, H2O is continuously traveling through the rhythm affecting vaporization, precipitation, and overflow to the sea. Water tantrum for human ingestion is called drinkable H2O. This natural resource is going scarcer in certain topographic points as human population in those topographic points additions, and its handiness is a major societal and economic concern. 2.2. DISTILLED Water Distilled H2O is purified H2O which is prepared by the procedure of distillment. In this procedure, H2O is heated till it is converted to steam or vapor, dividing all the present drosss. The vapour obtained is condensed back to its liquid signifier and is known as distilled H2O. .Fig-3-Making-Distilled-Water-in-the-Laboratory Properties of Distilled H2O: Because of its comparative pureness, some of the belongingss of distilled H2O are significantly different from those of the H2O most people consume and use in mundane life. A potentially unsafe belongings of distilled H2O is that it can be heated above its boiling point without demoing the normal features of boiling, called superheating. When the superheated H2O is disturbed or has drosss added to it, a sudden, explosive furuncle occurs, perchance doing serious hurt to anyone near it. Temperature 00 C Density ( & A ; Atilde ; -1000 Kg/m3 ) 1 Viscosity 1.79 x 10-3 Kinematic Viscosity 1.79 x 10-6 Surface tenseness ( N/m ) 7.56 x 10-6 Bulk modulus 1.99 Preparation of Distilled Water: The quality or status and pureness of distilled H2O depends the three chief factors: The H2O The setup used for distillment The method employed. The chief trouble in transporting out the operation of condensing the H2O on an extended graduated table is the subsequent chilling and the cost of distilling. Water: A pure good or spring-water, filtered, is the best to fix distilled H2O from. Rain-water, being by and large good loaded with organic affair and ammonium hydroxide, would interfere with the pureness of the distillation. Boiled H2O can be used for distillment. Boiling would drive off about the last hint of ammonium hydroxide. Odorous, colored or cloudy H2O furnishes an impure distillation that might even acquire a charred gustatory sensation if distilled over a free fire. Ammonia is found particularly in the first parts of the distillation. Distillation setup: Early distillment equipment was really simple in design: a pot of undrinkable H2O ( or H2O unfit for a ceremonial, commercial, or medical intent ) would be heated over an unfastened fire until it boiled, organizing steam. The steam would so distill on a cool surface suspended above the pot. The condensed H2O droplets would so run off into a storage container for future usage. dist-fg1 Alternatively, sponges could be suspended above the pot to roll up the treated H2O. While such systems were comparatively inefficient, it tended to be rather equal for the limited H2O intervention demands of the clip. The efficiency of the distillment procedure began to see betterments as distillment was adapted to commercially polish many different liquids such as intoxicant, aroma, crude oil, and assorted dissolvers. Finally, population demands have strained H2O resources in the twentieth century to the point where expeditiously handling otherwise undrinkable beginnings of H2O for human ingestion is progressively of import. fig11-1 Principle of Distillation: The procedure of condensing H2O is a method of purification affecting heat. Water has comparatively lower boiling point than the bulk of drosss, such as minerals. By maintaining the heat at a consistent temperature, the H2O vaporizes and is separated from the unsought elements. The stairss involved in distillment of H2O are: Heating of H2O Separation of H2O vapour from drosss Condensation of the H2O vapour The unwanted elements include minerals and salts, which remain in the container after the H2O evaporates, are collected and discarded. Typically the distillment procedure is repeated at least one more clip to thoroughly purify the H2O. 2.3. TYPES OF Distillation There are two types of distillment Household distillment Commercial distillment Household distillment: Single-effect distillers: The most common type of family and commercial distiller available is a basic, single-effect distiller. These distillers can be either batch distillers, where a mensural measure of H2O is manually poured in, distilled, and collected ; or plumbed distillers that automatically treat and maintain a changeless supply of imbibing H2O. Working: In a single-effect distiller, a warming component heats the H2O until it boils and finally becomes steam. The steam is so drawn off from the boiling chamber, where it cools ; distilling into extremely treated distilled H2O. The contaminations in the original H2O are left behind in the boiling chamber. The condensation procedure is accomplished by utilizing air or H2O to chill the steam. Water droplets condense on the interior of the conic dome, and run down for aggregation in a trickle pan. With some water-cooled systems, a part of the heat lost as the steam is cooled and condensed can be reclaimed by imparting the heated chilling H2O into the boiling chamber. It is so replaced with fresh, cool H2O. braunschweig_05 Advantages of Single-effect distillers: Simple in design, cheap, and effectual. They are less efficient in energy usage Relatively compact counter top or stand-alone units for usage in the kitchen or office. Disadvantages: Even though the distillment procedure is effectual, pesticides and contaminations like volatile organic compounds convert into vapor readily, and can go with the steam our of the boiling chamber. Care of distillment unit: Distillation units do necessitate some care, which normally involves run outing off the concentrated deposit and other contaminations that accumulate at the underside of the boiling chamber. The walls of the chamber may besides necessitate to be cleaned of hard-water graduated table and other deposit that can roll up. The needed sum of cleaning depends greatly upon the initial quality of H2O used. Very difficult H2O can bring forth heavy grading in a comparatively short period of clip. If soft H2O is used, cleaning troubles should be minimum. The C pre- and post-filters must be changed sporadically every bit good. Commercial distillment: Commercial distillment units provide distilled H2O for industries and distilleries. They provide from few to 1000000s of gallons of distilled H2O per twenty-four hours. The two chief types of commercial distillers are: Multiple Effect distiller Vapor-compression distiller Multiple Effect distillers: Multiple Effect distillers provide from 75 to 1000000s of gallons per twenty-four hours. These units typically contain a figure of boiling Chamberss, with the first chamber being under increased force per unit area, and consecutive Chamberss holding increasingly diminishing force per unit area. The steam created in the first hard-hitting chamber is superheated. The superheated steam moves through tubings environing each of the wining boiling Chamberss As the steam moves it besides vaporizes some of the lower-pressure H2O in each chamber. The vapour is so condensed into distilled H2O, as is the superheated steam when all of its heat energy is exchanged. Vapor-compression distiller: A fluctuation of the multiple-effect distiller construct is the vapor-compression distiller, which is typically used in commercial applications necessitating between 25 and 5000 gallons per twenty-four hours. Vapor-compression H2O distillers besides use high-pressure, superheated steam to boil H2O ; nevertheless, they merely use a individual chamber. The H2O in the boiling chamber is ab initio converted to steam at normal force per unit areas and temperatures by an electric or gas warming component. The steam so passes through an electric compressor ; the compaction causes it to go superheated. The superheated steam is so directed through tubings back into the boiling chamber, where it finally takes over the boiling procedure, distilling into distilled H2O as the heat transportation occurs. Both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillers can integrate assorted signifiers of filtration to do a loosely effectual intervention system. These systems can supply H2O for such utilizations as commercial H2O bottling. Both systems besides require H2O that is softened to be practical, to forestall enfeebling scaling with attendant heat transportation losingss and care costs. At the municipal degree, both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillment can supply big measures of distilled H2O for imbibing usage, and are particularly used in condensing saltwater for usage in waterless countries adjacent to the oceans. Uses of distilled H2O: Used in chemical workss where an exact quality of H2O is required, such as for make fulling up wet-cell batteries, development of photographic movies, steam ironing Used to fix endovenous solution fabrication and dilution. Its usage is besides recommended while doing baby nutrients because babes are really sensitive to H2O borne diseases. It is used in assorted industries and chemical and biological research labs where extremely purified H2O is indispensable. Sometimes, in instances where an exceptionally high grade of purified H2O is required, dual distilled H2O is used. It is used as coolant in atomic powered ships. Here, saltwater is desalinated through the procedure of distillment. This H2O is besides used by the crews of the ships for imbibing. It is used for doing assorted drinks by many drink makers to determine a high quality merchandise in footings of both gustatory sensation every bit good as pureness. Lead acid batteries used in vehicles like autos and trucks require a top-up of H2O at regular intervals of clip. Presence of assorted ions in field tap H2O can do harm to the battery and lead to decrease in its lifetime. It is frequently preferred to tap H2O in automotive chilling systems excessively. This is because the ions and minerals present in tap H2O are normally caustic in nature and tend to pass over out the anti-corrosive additives present in the radiator. It is first-class for tegument as it is barren of any harmful dissolved substances, and helps in barricading of microscopic pores on facial tegument. It is used during surgical processs where clean H2O is a must to forestall any sort of infection. For the really same ground, it is besides used to rinse and clean lesions. 2.3. Storage Distillation does non vouch the absence of bacteriums in imbibing H2O, unless the reservoir and/or bottle are sterilized before being filled, and one time the bottle has been opened, there is a hazard of presence of bacteriums. Further if the distilled H2O is non stored in a proper mode it will absorb elements from the ambiance like C dioxide etc. Besides the stuff in which the distilled H2O is stored must be taken attention and the most preferred stuff is glass as it has had several centuries of proving for the storage of distilled H2O for which the result has been positive. There are assorted storage containers besides available for the storage of distilled H2O.

Asos, a Company History Essay

ASOS was created in June of 2000 by UK natives Nick Robertson and Quentin Griffiths. ASOS, an acronym for ‘As Seen On Screen,’ was a small online business based out of the UK that duplicated celebrity inspired products. Today they have over 1000 employees and over 50,000 items of fashion. From emulating celebrity fashions, they now are setting the trends. In 2001, the company was admitted to the London Stock Exchange, and the company quickly grew from there. In 2004, ASOS developed their own label for Women and in 2005, launched a beauty line. In 2007 they launched their own men’s line as well as the extremely popular publication ‘ ASOS magazine. ‘ In the ten years after the business was first created, the company became extremely successful becoming the number one independent retailer in the United Kingdom. In 2010, started to branch out of the UK . ASOS launched websites in France, Spain, Italy, Australia, Germany and the USA, which made them an international well-known brand. Just in this past year they also launched their site in Russia. Today their website brings over 17. 5 million visitors month and as of 2012, they have 4. 4 million active customers from 160 countries. ASOS offers products under its own label as well as third party brands. These brands offer products in womenswear, menswear, footwear, accessories, jewelry as well as beauty. ASOS appears to be in a perpetual state of growth as their company seems to expand by the minute offering over thousands of new products a month.

Ecco Sets Store Chain Management Standards in Russia

24/11/12 GMCS – ECCO sets store chain management standards in Russia using Microsoft Dynamics AX for †¦ C urrent page U RL: http://w w w . gmcs. ru/en/press/new s/4447/index. php Print this page HOME / PRESS-CENTER / NEWS / ECCO SETS STORE CHAIN MANAGEMENT STANDARDS IN RUSSIA USING MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AX FOR RETAIL Events 19 July 2012 News ECCO-ROS, an exclusive distributor of Danish shoe brand ECCO in Russia deploys Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail in order to come to a new quality level of customer service, improve management performance and develop the retail store chain.This project is unique because for the first time based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, a uniform solution for the automation of geographically dispersed chain of the ECCO stores in Russia will be made to replace intermediate cash accounting software that is currently being used. This will enable ECCO-ROS to reduce costs for operation of the systems and management of the company as a whole, optimiz e business processes in the retail stores, improve merchandise flow management, and improve reliability of information flows inside the chain.In addition, the distributor expects to increase sales for the account of the offered Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail expanded opportunities for marketing activity management, and implementation of a new customer loyalty bonus system the deployment of which will be supported by the implemented system. â€Å"Activities of ECCO-ROS are based on the ECCO reference models and general management principles, including the key principles – innovativeness and manufacturability.These ideas also find reflection in management of the IT-infrastructure of our company. Today, we implement a non-trivial project in Russia, and we believe that the implementation experience will be of interest in the retail business†, says Sergei Prokhorov, IT-Director at ECCO-ROS. â€Å"For instance, one of the features of the implemented solution is that we wi ll get an opportunity for complete synchronization of the POS-terminal operations even in case of absence of communication or failures in the communication channels.It is an important criterion for retail business†. GMCS is a project partner, a winner of the competitive tender for the implementation of the project on the automation of the ECCO-ROS retail chain, which expertise in the field of retail is presented by successful projects for the leaders of this market. One of the key decision-making factors in the selection of the partner was the quality of projects implemented by the partner, and the partner’s focus on customer satisfaction†, explained Sergei Prokhorov.At present, the GMCS specialists completed creation of a solution concept model for customer accounting and service. According to the proposed model based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, the following processes will be automated: acceptance, shipment, return, and selling, including selling of goo ds on credit and via ECCO Internet Shop, payment and cash services, product range and stock management, inventorying and adjustment of entries of stock changes under wrong heading, warehouse.The system will enable to control personnel performance including opening and closing of shift, strict accounting of labor hours of the employees through a biometric authorization system, as well as accounting of visitors. The auxiliary processes will also be automated such as accounting of corporate clothes and footwear, and consumable materials. Emphasis is placed on the automation of marketing activity processes and loyalty management program. Based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, the processes of management of advertising campaigns, handling of saving discount cards, bonus and gift cards will be automated. The final project objective is to create a conceptually new, innovative and scaling solution for retail that will be able to replace front office software (disconnected, as a rule) fo r integrated customer accounting and service system that will form a uniform information space from cashier to manager. The Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail tools enable us to accomplish all tasks stated by a customer†, comment Sergei Kotov, Retail Solutions Department Director at GMCS. – â€Å"We specially focus on the quality of the future solution, simplicity and flexibility of its use.ECCO-ROS will be able to independently customize the system later in case of any change or occurrence of new business-processes thereby reducing costs for support and development of the system†. The system is scheduled to be put into operation in the pilot regions (stores in Moscow and Saint Petersburg) in December 2012. In future, the uniform customer accounting and service system is expected to be deployed in all remaining stores of the retail chain that is presented today by more than 300 stores in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.E CCO-ROS is an exclusive distributor of Danish shoe brand ECCO in Russia. Since 1991, the company offers to Russian consumers the world’s popular ECCO shoes. As at 2012, the ECCO chain comprises of more than 300 stores in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan and continues to actively develop. The company’s office is located in Moscow; management of the proprietary stores in the regions and interrelation with regional partners is performed from the office. Back to list Feedback  © 1997 — 2010 â€Å"GMCS† All rights reserved. Made in agency www. gmcs. ru/en/press/news/4447/? print=Y 1/1

Biological basis of schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biological basis of schizophrenia - Essay Example This paper will discuss the biological basis of schizophrenia and what has led to that belief. Schizophrenia is a complex debilitating psychotic disorder that involves a disconnection between thought and language. It affects, thoughts, feeling, perceptions, and overall behavior. The usual onset is age 17 to 25. 90% of those that are being treated are 15-55. Onset before 10 and after 60 is rare (Porth & Matfin, 2008). Recent research and data present a complex image of a brain dysfunction with alterations in anatomic structures as well as protein synthesis and functional disturbances. Some of the manifestations include incomprehensible speech, delusions, hallucinations, and sometimes catatonic behavior. It is thought that sounds and color are more vivid and louder to these patients (Porth, et.al., 2008). There is paranoia as they believe people are watching them or out to get them. Though the studies following show some research into the neurophysiology of schizophrenic symptoms, it is still virtually unknown what the pathogenesis is. It is known from the imaging techniques being used that there are abnormalities in the construction of the brain but how do those abnormalities relate to the psychological issues. This is still unknown. It will be important to discern at what age this disease begins to manifest itself. One of the studies noted leads the researcher to believe that it may be a manifestation of development in uterus and not occur post partum. Young children are not often scanned so it is not known for sure (Porth, 2008). It is known, however, that adolescents who have a strong family history and who have been scanned do have the larger ventricles shown in a parental scan. Treatment at this time has not changed much though future study may change that. Presently the goal of treatment is still to attempt to induce remission, and improve behavior and c ognitive function. Outcomes from the illness are improved and some

Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Economic History - Essay Example With respect to the role of Hayek in the socialist calculation debate, he reveals his position with respect to the possibilities of planning. While arguing against the possibility that is associated with planning in the case of the socialist calculation debate, Friedrich Hayek worked on two major theoretical papers. These include; â€Å"The Meaning of Competition† and â€Å"The use of Knowledge is Society†. Both of Hayek’s works were aimed at serving as a disproof to a fellow economist named Oscar Lange as well as the endorsements that he had made regarding a planned economy. This paper will evaluate Hayek’s works; â€Å"Meaning of Rivalry† and â€Å"The Adoption of Knowledge in Society†, to help determine his position with respect to the possibilities of planning for the economy. Based on his work, â€Å"Meaning of Competition†, Hayek reveals the benefits that are associated with a free market, which has not been subjected to the regulations that the government imposes to regulate the market. Instead, he reveals that the suppression of competition is among the major evils that prevail in a society, which experience has revealed to be a regular consequence. Also, these evils are also different from those imperfections that are affiliated with rivalry. Hayek stipulates that competition is an essential process that facilitates in the formation of different points of view. This is because it is efficient in terms of facilitating for the spread of information to diverse parties. It also facilitates in the creation of coherence and unity in the economic system, which most people presuppose whenever they treat it as one market. With a coherent and united economic system, it becomes possible for people to identify the goals that they have in common, and hence adopt approaches that can help them to boost the productivity and competitiveness of their society (Vaughn 537). Competition helps people to understand the best product for them and where

The Fair Trade Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fair Trade Movement - Research Paper Example The contemporary fair trade movement traces its roots back in the 1950’s when it was known as the Alternative Trade Organizations (ATO). Evidently, Alternative Trade Organizations were formed by humanitarian groups that sought to address the pertinent issue of poverty in the developing countries through alleviation measures. To this end, the humanitarian groups adopted the approach of cutting off the middleman from the supply chain of trade between small scale businesses in the Southern hemisphere and small scale producers in the Northern hemisphere (Warrier, 100). Evidently, Oxfam UK intervened by selling craftwork in Oxfam shops which were produced by Chinese refugees (Hutchens, 5). To this end, the result was increased amount of profits for the labour force in developing nations. In 1988, the Dutch chapter of the Alternative Trade Organizations, Solidarid, innovatively crafted a labelling mechanism. Evidently, it aided in the introduction of products within mainstream marke ts without betraying consumer trust in their acts of humanitarian assistance. Background Information In 1964, Oxfam UK formed the first Fair Trade Organization (Warrier, 100). In this regard, there were parallel interventions being undertaken in Netherlands. Consequently, an importing organization known as Fair Trade Original was created in 1967. To this end, Dutch third world associations started to sell sugar cane under the slogan, â€Å"by buying sugar cane, you offer poor people in third world countriea a chance in the sun of prosperity†. Moreover, the third world Dutch groups proceeded to sell Southern handicrafts and by 1969, they opened the first ‘Third World Shop.’ ... Consequently, this led to the creation of numerous Southern Fair Trade Organizations which established networks with the newly created Northern organizations (Hutchens, 5). Evidently, the North and South co-operation was centred on respect, dialogue, transparency and partnership. The mutual goal was towards achieving better equity in international trade. In addition, developing countries were engaged in international political platforms towards addressing the inequality and unfairness in international trade. In this regard, during the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development that took place in Delhi in 1968, the developing nations were addressing the issue of ‘Trade not Aid.’ To this end, the third world countries emphasized on the creation of mutual, and equitable trade partnership with the South. This was in defiance to the North’s approach which was involved in getting all the benefits and offering piecemeal benefits masqueraded as developmental aid. Evidently, development trade has been attributed to the growth of Fair Trade Movement since the late 1960s. Moreover, its growth is attributed to the responsive intervention against poverty as well as partly due to disaster emanating from the South. Its major focus during its inception was the marketing promotion of craft items. The eminent founders of the Fair Trade Movement were drawn from large humanitarian and religious organizations located in European countries. Consequently, collaboration with Southern counterparts led to the creation of Southern Fair Trade Organizations (Warrier, 100). Evidently, the Southern Fair Trade Organizations performed the work of

Complaint letter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Complaint letter - Research Paper Example The lines have gotten to the point where I will enter the store to make use of one of the side services, such as the money order counter, and leave to purchase my groceries and other items at a different store. I keep returning, hoping that the situation will have been resolved, but it has not. It is not unusual to see lines running from the register area completely across the main aisle, and then sometimes blocking large areas of the apparel department. When purchasing cold groceries and shopping with a small child, it is just not feasible to have even the possibility of waiting in line for twenty to thirty minutes or more before checking out. I would like to see your store hiring more dedicated cashiers, employees whose purpose is only to keep the lines moving. In this way, the cleanliness and orderliness of the store is not neglected, but the lines are reduced to a more manageable level. I do not mind waiting in a line, but this situation is significantly outside an acceptable wait

The Incorporation of America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Incorporation of America - Research Paper Example An increase in national self-consciousness came about during the age of industry. According to Miller and Smith, America is known with the notion of rugged individualism. To Trachtenberg, there are forces that contribute to America’s cultural synergy in that industrialization initiated a conflict between powerful corporations and the workers. The tensions between capitalists and laborers, corporations and individuals, produced a national nervousness, as presented by Trachtenberg (p.74). Divisions in classes became the centre of America as the elite derived riches while the majority lost hope for prosperity as they were thrust into labor. Trachtenberg presents various conceptual sites in which competing views of American distinctiveness played out. In real sense, the west represents the accomplishment of development and opportunity over the natural resources preservation; at the same time, the civilizing process of Native Americans was highly rationalized. To industrialists, me chanization meant efficiency in production and accumulation of wealth, as a tool to benefit human beings. To workers, mechanization represented the degradation of manpower and signified the future which meant that loss of human freedom at work and probably in society was overpowered by mechanical oppression. Trachtenberg illustrates that varied experiences divided small farmers, industrial workers, bankers, manufacturers, managers, clerical and sales workers, teachers, engineers, civil servants, and speedy growing stratum of lawyers. A major consensus was wrecked in the 1870 crisis. Labor movements were prevented by racial, ethnic, geographic dispersion, and sexual discrimination; exhausting and regularly impoverishing living and working conditions, and continuing violent opposition from the press, employees, and the regime (p 94). According to Smith in, politics, pluralism, and power, politics of cultural struggles and cultural nationalism characterize American studies. Trachtenber g shifts his focus on this concept by stating that the factory structure left permanent spots that defined American culture and society. The gilded age inspired the failure of populist movement that reflected a desire to go back to the classics of ideals in America represented in agrarian myths. Americans were equal politically, but America was not economically equal. Cities also represented the inequality and tension that defined America. Citizens were microcosms of class disputes, struggles and the consumer-oriented symbols populations that the country had turned into, with the gilded age, which was characterized by institutions such as periodicals, department stores, and mass spectator sports. During this age, America’s innocence was lost and it became relative. However, the industrialization and the age in question defined the citizens of America. According to Trachtenberg (p. 139), the tensions were determined by the elite class’s victory, meaning that their cultu re set up itself as an official doctrine as they controlled business, labor, and politics over the bickering, divided voices of the middle and lower classes. In real sense, America was not unified but rather constituted various sets of tensions which were finally dominated by the elites. The author presents a chapter on politics of culture where he exposes

Meditech surgurical case study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Meditech surgurical case study - Term Paper Example From all indications, it is clear that Meditech used cost-effective supply chain instead of using a responsive supply chain as it would have more useful when it comes to high innovative products considerations. The supply chain used by the company was customer service oriented and hence the delay. The company has also been facing problems in poor service quality due to strain in its production capacity. The strain in its production capacity made the company experience constant shortage in the introduction of new improved products. It also had problems with high finished goods inventory. It is important for the company to plan on the introduction of a new cycle through the three phases of manufacturing and this should be done two months before the products is marketed to avoid any shortages in the market (Leeman, 150). a. The introduction of new products in Meditech Surgical were totally unplanned for and was done without properly strategizing on it supply chain and production schedules. This was the reason why the arrival of net order in the company was more than its finished goods (FG) inventory. Lack of proper strategies in the introduction of new products led to underestimated productions hence delayed delivery of orders. b. Faulty forecasting and mechanical techniques in the company resulted into a wrong prediction which then resulted in faulty targets (Leeman, 150). The company has had a poor ability to forecast the demand for its new products which then led to underestimation in the new product production. c. Finished goods inventory in the company is almost 40% above the desired levels. High level of finished goods inventory is a clear indication that the goods are not moving in the required rate and that customer orders are not being processed within the stipulated time. d. Meditech Surgical has long organizational structure

Developing country Essay Example for Free

Developing country Essay Today’s world has been divided into developing and industrialised countries which the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflect in a failed health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting unfortunate countries. Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic in those countries could improve if the infected populations receive free drugs to control the disease, have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. But this can only be achieved through international help programs in which leaders of the world’s richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need. Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw material to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them resulting in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the world’s poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries. In conclusion, leaders of the industrialised countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing nations deal with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.

Facebook And Google Ads Advertising Methods Marketing Essay

Facebook And Google Ads Advertising Methods Marketing Essay Introduction We have identified the current online advertising methods applicable to e-commerce. We have conducted a research on the internet by using search engines to identify the latest advertising methods. We have discussed these online advertising methods. We have found 3 online advertising methods. There are Banner and Popup advertising methods, Content Provider advertising methods and Online Marketplace. We have also state the advantage and disadvantage of online advertising methods, the definition of online advertising methods. Online advertising is an advertising method through online to share their product and information to public. This can be legal and illegal according to the law. But online advertising have a very fast efficient and speed because people everyday using computer to search out what is the news. We have few example and we give the definition, advantage and disadvantage. We share banner advertising methods, popup advertising method, Google ads advertising method and Face book advertising method. This few methods bring us much benefit and this makes us have a easier life style. This also helps a lot of business to make their product more popular. Banner Advertising Methods Banner advertising method is defined as a web banner or banner ads are a form of advertising on the World Wide Web, this form of online advertising needs of the ads embedded in Web pages, this is a website to attract traffic police to link to the advertiser website. The advantage of Banner Advertising methods is whether you are an established company or upcoming business entity, you will find that Internet banner advertising is the best way to promote your online businesses. Just like your magazine or newspaper ad to see the Internet banner ads can give you answer, you want from your target market. The ads found in square or rectangular box, which contains some text and pictures. Perhaps the main advantage of banner ads is that you will be able to target market from your response is almost instantaneous. When youre in the newspaper advertisement, readers might be interested in your proposal, but their curiosity, they may not always straight. These people will forget who the ads for some time, you will not get any of their responses. However, Internet banner advertising is different, because the reader will immediately take action to read your ad in their curiosity. In to see your online ad, viewers will click on your banner, and then it will tak e them to your site, you are selling your products and services. The Disadvantage of Banner Advertising is it will be anyone to see or read advertising payment guarantee. This is difficult to assess the effect of advertising, or measures, although can be installed on your website; you can display the source of website traffic, your sites software tools. Discussion as a manager When a cooperate use a banner advertising methods manager must make sure that attention of the title and topic involve in the advertisement to make searchers realize the advertisement is good enough to search. Discussion as a consumer The consumer will be attracted by the decoration or design of the advertisement and the advertisement must include the needs and expectation of consumer. The example of Banner Advertising Methods Popup Advertising Methods The definition of Popup Advertising Methods is a form of online advertising on the World Wide Web intended to attract web traffic or capture email addresses, it works when certain web sites open a new web browser window to display advertisements, the pop-up window containing an advertisement is usually generated by java script, but can be generated by other. The advantage of Popup Advertising Methods is block those program that are illegal to watch and prevent the computer get hack. Visitors can use the certain web sites for free with conditions apply. These programs are incredibly efficient most in the time and can fee advertisers a good deal of money if the ad just isnt reaching the intended target. It can bypass blocker system and can still provide the advertising to your display, whether visitors like it or not. The disadvantage of Popup advertising methods is however pop-up ads can do, in fact, more online users than to identify more harm than good may never resolve any association with the Company and are sources of irritation and inconvenience. Such advertising may also be responsible for the actions as a spasm. Discussion as a manager It is very irritating when the popup advertising appear, sometime even cannot close the popup advertisement. Discussion as a consumer The popup advertisement is very irritating, when doing work, something will popup and interrupt. The example of Popup Advertising Methods Google ads advertising Methods The definition of Google ads Advertising Methods is ad serving applications run by Google Inc, website owners can enroll in this program enable text, image, and video advertisement on their website. These advertisements are administered by Google and generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. The advantage of Google ads Advertising Methods is it provide simple and easy to understand states, whether you own various website only one account is sufficient. The Google ad is very easy to join and with it is very simple to paste code into your web page or blog, there is no need to mess around with different code for various affiliate programs, and when you are using Google Ad sense you dont have to spend time find advertisers. The disadvantage of Google ads Advertising Method is if somebody make a click on the tag saying Ads by Google you wont get anything for giving free promotion to Google, the web having excessive advertising are currently being rejected. Other than that, the statistics of Google are easy to understand but sometimes are inadequate and far away from reality, with Google Ads you cant determine the payout rates of the advertisements. Furthermore, websites and blogs that desire to display Google Ads may not include other content targeted and text based ads on the pages displaying Ad words ads. A fatal disadvantage of Google Ads is that they dont say how much is Google Ads partners will receive, you are not able to make any estimation just receiving an unknown share of the revenue. Google Ads does not allow you to share your states with other person. Discussion of a manager It is convenient to do an advertisement on Google website and it will be seen by many people around the world, other than that the companys product or services will be purchase and ask by the consumers. Discussion as a consumer Too many advertisements had affected the focus when working, it should be improve. The example of Google Ads Advertising Methods is Facebook Ads Advertising Methods The definition of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods Facebook ads are a growing number of people online business advertising and Facebook is actually a real participation in paid advertising platform. Sign up for Facebook, the solid and the establishment of ad creative is what is in store for you in the balance of this article. The advantage of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods is reaching your target customers. Facebook is connecting with more than 500 million potential customers and we can choose our audience by location, age and interests. It is a test simple image and text-based ads and use what works. This can increase our relationship and build a community around your business. It also can control our budget like set the daily budget we are comfortable with, adjust our daily budget at anytime. The disadvantage of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods is you must direct to know each other or search from our friend only can know this people or product. Someone can block you to prevent see their profile without agreement. And also that someone will use hacking program to hack your account. The security system is not very strong. Discussion of a manager When company use this advertisement is a very dangerous to company and it will possible bring bad reputation to company, this is because sometimes is illegal action to commit extortion. Discussion as a consumer It had become a habit to online facebook, so the advertisement at facebook will be seen by many people. The example of Facebook Ads Advertising Methods Conclusion The current online are advertising methods applicable to e-commerce. We may conduct a research on the internet by using search engines or relevant references for example books, newspaper, magazines, etc. this can help to identify the latest advertising methods. Online advertising is popular to public and easy to research for those know to how use computer, but for those does not know how to use computer, they cant do research and does not know how to research by using computer. Online advertising is always using by business man because they feel that this advertising method can provide a very big range of news to the social and public. So when many and many of people know their product. The company will become popular for example, Sony, Samsung, Nokia and etc. they done their very good advertising in online advertising so that is the reason they become popular. The advantage of online advertising is very to use and have a good efficient. But it also have disadvantage when you try to find something on the online advertising, it does not get the answer or it reject the thing you search. In conclusion, online advertising can provide a big range advertising to public and popular and also easy to use for public. This is a very nice methods using online for advertising.

A cultural framework

A cultural framework Abstract This report is about how a cultural framework can affect a project success. What is meant by this is that you need to have a good project manager and project team in order for a project to meet deadlines and stay on budget. This report analysis and critiques what has been found in the article was conducted by Korin Kendra of Detroit and Laura Taplin of Canada. They analysed the data that was found form a Standish Group survey on project successes and failures this was conducted in the year 2000. The survey found that overall there is a project failure rate of 72 percent. Of the 28 percent it was found that 92 percent of these successes were due to assigned project managers, 58 percent used a defined measurement system and 46 percent used a project management methodology. The study concluded that the main reason for failure was due to the lack of good working relationships. Kendra and Taplin conducted their study by collecting data using an interview protocol they explored the organiz ations design elements, social and technical structures in the proposed success model developed in this study. From the information that they gathered they managed to draw out 5 main themes/conclusions these are, Theme 1: Project Management competences exist at the project manger level in the organization. Theme 2: Project success requires the employment of management process from the project management, system development, supplier management and business planning to be successful. Theme 3: Organizational structures at the project team level are the key to project success. The project structure is important to the success of the project because it determines the project manager level of authority, skills and competencies of the team and the dynamics of the group. Theme 4: Performance measurement systems metrics are defined at the individual, project and organizational level to evaluate project success. Theme 5: Organizational culture determines the importance of project manager com petencies, performance measurements, business process that are employed to perform project work and project organization structures to project success. 1. Background The topic for this article is project success in a cultural framework. This article was written by Korin Kendra of Detroit and Laura Taplin of Canada in April 2004. This report main point is how a cultural frame work can affect project success. What is meant by a cultural frame work is the background and the work ethics of the people involved of the project. This article was conducted to analysis the data that was found form a Standish Group survey on project successes and failures this was conducted in the year 2000. The survey found that overall there is a project failure rate of 72 percent. Of the 28 percent it was found that 92 percent of these successes were due to assigned project managers, 58 percent used a defined measurement system and 46 percent used a project management methodology. The study concluded that the main reason for failure was due to the lack of good working relationships. This conclusion left was question of what is required in a good cultural framework to mak e a project successful. Kendra and Taplin choose to investigate this question and wrote this article. The authors definition of a project success in the IT industry is that a project must have numerous success factors that contribute such as the project being on time, within budget and of good quality. 2. Method Data was collected using an interview protocol they explored the organizations design elements, social and technical structures in the proposed success model developed in this study. The inquiry focused on the organizations culture, project manager competencies, organizational structure design, performance measurement systems and the supporting business process employed in the change efforts to adopt project management. All interviews were conducted in the year 2001 and reflected past, present and future change efforts. The data was the analysed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach and inferential coding to identify the common themes and cultural values that form linkages between project manager competencies, performance measurement systems, process and structures. 3. Critique 3.1 Data are gathered in a scientific manner Data was gathered using an interview process to me this is not a very scientific manner although it is still a very good data collecting technique. They still gathered all the information that was required for the study. 3.2 Underlying assumptions are clear From what I had read the authors didnt really have many assumptions. All the data that they used was already gathered so assumptions were not necessary. Although their main assumption would have been that a cultural framework can affect a project success to which this assumption was very clear and easy to understand. 3.3 Overall Conclusions 3.3.1 What conclusions are drawn by the authors In this article the authors describe five main conclusions/themes that they have discovered. In their research, Kendra and Taplin (2004) established Theme 1: Project Management competences exist at the project manger level in the organization Theme 2: Project success requires the employment of management process from the project management, system development, supplier management and business planning to be successful. Theme 3: Organizational structures at the project team level are the key to project success. The project structure is important to the success of the project because it determines the project manager level of authority, skills and competencies of the team and the dynamics of the group. Theme 4: Performance measurement systems metrics are defined at the individual, project and organizational level to evaluate project success. Theme 5: Organizational culture determines the importance of project manager competencies, performance measurements, business process that are employed to perform project work and project organization structures to project success. 3.3.2 Are these conclusions valid Yes in my opinion is think that all these conclusions are valid as they all hold the main requirements for a project to be successful it is important to note that theme one and three are very important as they both hold valid points of how a team need to form together in order for a project to be successful. 3.4 The authors have some academic or professional standing Korin Kendra is a professor in the college of Management at Lawrence Technological University. She has a masters in industrial engineering and information systems, also has a PHD in organizational development. Kendra is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) Laura Taplin has her masters and PHD in organizational development she is also a certified Management Consultant (CMC). In this article both authors are highly qualified and have gained qualifications in relevant fields to their research. 3.5 The writing is clearly and correctly references its sources This article is very easy to read and explains most things in great detail. All information that refers to other persons work its referenced correctly at the bottom of the paragraph or inserted citations. I found that this piece was easier to read due to most information was grouped into topics rather than all together. 4. References Kendra, K., Taplin, L. (2004). Project Success: A Cultural Framework. Project Management Journal, 30-45.

Leukemia :: essays research papers

Leukemia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia strikes all ages and both sexes. In 1995 approximately 20,400 people died from Leukemia. The all time five year survival rate is 38%. This rate has gone to 52% in the mid 1980’s. Approximately 25,700 cases were reported in 1995 alone(American Cancer Society-leukemia, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia is a form of cancer in the blood cells. Most forms of Leukemia occur in the white blood cells. These abnormal cells reproduce in large quantities and look and perform differently than normal cells(MedicineNet- leukemia, 1997). Right now the causes of Leukemia are unknown. Some studies have shown that exposure to high-energy radiation increases chances of contracting leukemia. Such radiation was produced in the atomic bombing of Japan during World War II. There is also enough energy in nuclear plants so strict safety precautions are taken. Some research shows that exposure to electric magnetic fields, such as power lines and electric appliances, is a possible risk factor. More studies are needed to prove this link. Some genetic conditions, such as Down’s syndrome, are also believed to increase the risk factor. Exposure to some chemicals is also suspected to be a risk factor. By learning the causes of leukemia treatment options will become available(MedicineNet-leukemia, 1997). There are many symptoms of leukemia. The symptoms of leukemia are the same for all the different types of leukemia. The acute types of leukemia, ALL and AML, symptoms are seen more quickly than in the chronic types of leukemia, CLL and CML, where symptoms do not necessarily appear right away. The symptoms are flu symptom, weakness, fatigue, constant infections, easily bleed and bruise, loss of weight and appetite, swollen lymph nodes, liver or spleen, paleness, bone or joint pain, excess sweating, swollen or bleeding gums, nosebleeds and other hemorrhages, and red spots called petechiae located underneath the skin. In acute Leukemia the cancerous cells may collect around the central nervous system. The results can include headaches, vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, or seizures. These clumps of cancer cells can collect in other various parts of the body(MedicineNet-leukemia, 1997 and American Cancer Society- leukemia, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia can be diagnosed in a number of ways. Blood work is commonly done in the laboratory. Different forms of blood work include checking the hemoglobin count, platelet count, or white blood cell count. X-rays are routinely done for treatment follow-up. Ultrasound is also used as a treatment follow-up. CT Scan is a special type of x-ray used as a detailed cross section of a specific area of the body. Bone marrow is routinely tested to examine progress of the disease. Spinal taps are also used in certain types of cancers.

Getting Tough With Terrorism :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Getting Tough With Terrorism Which will it be: victim or victory for the United States of America? Our leaders tell us nearly every day that another attack by terrorists -- possibly with nuclear, biological or chemical weapons -- is imminent. The message seems to be: Get your affairs in order, make sure your will is up to date and prepare to meet thy God." Instead of our leaders sending that message to us, how about them sending the message to our enemies in a package more powerful than rhetoric? Whatever happened to the confidence represented by the World War I song, "Over There" ("The Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming... and we won't come back 'til it's over, over there.")? Who has more to fear, them or us? Do we have more to fear than fear itself? "The Sum of All Fears," now playing in a not so nuclear-free zone theater near you, is a film about neo-Nazis (a politically correct choice of a hate group selected to offend hardly anyone), who blow up Baltimore, of all places. In the film, Americans are again at the mercy of crazed hate-mongers. We are portrayed as powerless to do anything about them. Viagra is often prescribed for physical impotence. What's the cure for political and military impotence? It is victory! In his remarks to graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, President Bush may have signaled the beginning of the end of this victim attitude. Halfway through his speech, he said that our security will require all Americans to be forward-looking and resolute, to be ready for preemptive action when necessary to defend our liberty and to defend our lives.(President) Preemptive action, not reaction, is what's needed. The president said we must uncover terror cells in 60 or more countries. Let's start with one cell in one country, besides Afghanistan. Villagers in some backward country that harbors terrorists should wake up one morning and notice the terrorists among them are dead or missing. People like Saddam Hussein, not Americans, should start each day looking in the mirror and wondering if today is their last day on Earth. Money should be missing from terrorist bank accounts all over the world as American intelligence confiscates large amounts of cash through electronic transfers. Terrorist cells in this country should be located, their headquarters raided and their members arrested before they know what hit them.

One Direction boy-band Essay

One Direction is a boy-band formed by Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, Harry Styles and Niall Horan, the band was formed in a contest called The X Factor. Body: The X Factor UK is a British competition in which several people in order to fulfill his dream of being a singer going to participate. So as determined to win Niall Horan, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, Liam Payne and Zayn Malik entered the contest individually, then his mentor Simon Cowell saw something special in the boys and decided to join them and he was not wrong. Although they were in 3rd place, today is the most famous! boy-band in the world After they finish the contest they decided to record their first album and with the help of the money he won in the contest and with his mentor Simon’s discography called Sony and Syco could finish their first album called â€Å"Up All Night† which was released on November 18, 2011 in Ireland and in the UK on 21 November with a beautiful content of 13 songs and disc Special Edition has 3 more songs. Up All Night won the first place in sales in United Kingdom, in EUA the 1st place on the Billboard, which is a form of measuring success, and was the third album most sold in 2011. That same year they released a song that comes on the album, called † â€Å"What Makes You Beautiful†currently the most famous song, which was in 4th place from Billboard. † Last year they released their second album called â€Å"Take Me Home† 9 and 13 November depending on the country, the disc includes 13 songs, the disc Special Edition 4 more songs and the Deluxe 13 songs more Special Edition 4 more other 3 songs. In Mexico reached first place in sales in one week. The Take Me Home tour began on February 23 in London, and continues around the world, reached Mexico on 8 and 9 June, until complete. Conclusion: To Me One Direction is the boy-band more talented and fun that exists, since boys are normal people and make mistakes like us, have fun like us, have flaws like us and make all the same to us (they are human but believe it or not). And although not like many to me if I like, because as says Cher Loyd (singer) â€Å"guys hate to One Direction because sing what a girl wants to hear  and what a boy fears say†.

Market Equilibration Process Essay

Market equilibration gives businesses the opportunity to mold to different changes that occur within the field of marketing. With market equilibration, market prices are established through product and service competition. For example, the amounts of goods or services required by customers are equivalent to the amount of goods or services produced by business. Market equilibration will allow the business and customer to be on the same sheet of music with product and prices. Law of Demand In order for market equilibrium to exist, the economy must have a need for a particular product or services. For there to be a demand, customers must be prepared to pay the established prices set by the industry. After the need for a particular product has been identified, manufacturers can begin producing the products. Law of Supply With supply, the product or services are made available to the economy. When a consumer is prepared to pay the price the market is asking market equilibrium is established. Should there be an imbalance of the demand or supply, there would be no equilibrium. In cases of supply imbalance, this could cause prices to increase which would inadvertently create business and revenue for the competition. Contrary to supply shortage is an excess of supplies. Excess supplies in the market will cause the market prices to drop resulting in an imbalance in the market equilibrium. Efficient Market Theory Efficient market theory is an investment theory that states it is impossible to â€Å"beat the market† because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices always to incorporate and reflect all relevant information (Investopedia, 2014). Because stock usually trades at fair values the efficient market theory keeps the stock exchange fair and honest. It prevents investors from selling at over inflated prices or purchasing at underrated prices. Surplus and Shortage Another cause of an imbalance in the market equilibrium could be a result of supply surplus. A supply surplus could also cause product prices to drop. Because there are more products available it could mean that customers just are not buying or that there are too many suppliers of the same product. The counter to this problem is to limit the number of like products available within the economy. The opposite effect to a surplus could be very beneficial to business competitors. A shortage would allow a competitor to move the business into the local economy and set prices high. As a result of shortages, this would allow the competitors to monopolize the market causing duress to surrounding companies. Real World Experience A real world example of the free market is when a customer looks for a bargain for the same product that both Wal-Mart and Target offers but at different price. Most consumers prefer to choose the item that has the best price versus the store name. Another factor that plays a role in the decision process is the location. If a customer has to drive further away to make a purchase they may elect to select the most expensive item. Customers can take advantage of supply and demand when the businesses are competing with each other. Conclusion In economics, manufactures and customers are the primary stakeholders in the equilibrating process. The market equilibrating process is difficult to balance because of the shifting market. By obtaining a good understanding of how the equilibrating process works, it will assist consumers on how to spend his or her money while saving at the same time. References McConnell, C., Brue, S., & Flynn, S. (2009). Economic Principles, Problems, and Policies (14th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Investopedia. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientmarkethypothesis.asp

Problem at State Farm Insurance

Problem at State Farm Insurance: there is too much mail sent to the clients. Despite the wonderful customer service and reputation that State Farm Insurance has, they are also known for mailing out an abundance of mail to their clients. Agencies receive regular client complaints that the mail sent is excessive and confusing. Unlike many insurance carriers that list all auto’s on the same policy, State Farm creates a policy for every home or vehicle insured creating individual mailers for each policy.For example, a household with five cars will get ten renewal letters in one year at minimum, if there are no changes to the policies. As part of the policy update process by the automated system, all changes made to a policy generate a mailer with a new copy of policy declaration page. This becomes problematic as clients resent vast amounts of letters and being to ignore them. In many cases the clients refuse to read the letters which contain very important information (such as a c ancelation notice or time sensitive requests for information) and their policies lapse.A recent example of this took place when an angry client named Kyle complained that he was not informed that his policy had canceled. When Kyle was told that State Farm mailed him several letters his response was: â€Å"I get so many letters from State Farm that I don’t even bother opening them! † This system I also useful and helps State Farm retain its clients by diligently reminding the clients of late payments to prevent cancellation obtain current policy holder information ensuring State Farm is collecting the correct premium.Automation also frees up time for State Farm employees to do more important tasks and saves the company money. If the problem of excess mail fixed and State Farm went paperless, State Farm would be considered a green company. The employees affected by the change would be the underwriters that could go paperless and become more efficient; however, the printe r maintenance people would be out of a job.

Internet made the world a Global Village Essay

Gone are the days, when you had to wait for days or even hours to learn about news of some distant place an event taking place in one part of the world can be heard easily in the other. Perhaps, synchronization of such magnitude has really close-knitted this world together so much that it appears as a real single universal community comprising of different people. Thanks to technological improvements and the information revolution, the awareness is escalating rapidly; there are no more barriers between countries. Trade has increased and population movements between countries are greater than ever before. The term â€Å"global village† is used to describe a world in which people are not limited by the boundaries of nations and societies. The world today is largely interdependent and an occurrence in one part of the world has a bearing on other elements. Thus, today no one in the world can survive in isolation. The world has become integrated and undergone dramatic changes thanks to the rapid changes in technology and faster movement of information technology. The advent of printing press, telephone and telegraph connected millions of people living miles apart and made it possible to discuss new ideas instantaneously. Radio, internet and television brought the digital age into our living rooms. Satellite communications has had a tremendous impact on our lives and resulted in the increased penetration of mobile services, media and live telecasts. With the click of a button, we can tune into breaking news and entertainment from all over the world. An improvement in transportation has also facilitated the exchange of ideas and people. People are able to travel more easily and travel all around the world. Today, it is common to find people commuting from one city to another for work. In fact many people choose to migrate to a new country in search of better work and social life opportunities. New generation of fuel-efficient trains, planes and other modes of traveling have helped develop the tourism industry. The growth of this industry resulted in the exchange of cultures, knowledge and new ideas for greater progress and harmony. As the world has become shorter in distance, people have found it easier to trade and share the fruits of progress. Businesses all around the world are actively engaged in importing and exporting items to capitalize on each other’s strengths and pass on the benefits to the consumer. Although, the world has come a long way in becoming more accessible and connected in terms of information, it is still far away from the idealistic situation. To call it truly a global village we must ensure that all regions of the world grow at a uniform pace and a more humane behavior is inculcated in members of different communities and regions. Without this, the world would seem alien to people from the areas lagging behind in progress. Internet: In the 21st century, Internet has been widely used by everyone around the world, and is closely related to our everyday life. The development of Internet has made our world smaller. For instance, like Skype this kind of online free telephone saves our money, we no longer need to worry about our expensive phone bills. It draws people from different places in the world closer. The most significant thing is that it has a positive influence on us, and that people are more willing to keep in touch or communicate with others who are far away from them. Internet has made our world into a global village, it draws everyone closer. Internet can have lots of positive influence on us IF we use it correctly. We can use it to share our works online, or we can search for lots of useful information that we need. However, if we use Internet incorrectly, it will then have a negative influence on us. For instance, going out with someone you met on the Internet without knowing who they actually are. Also, the existence of Internet crime syndicate can be a negative influence on us, like some people might want to be like them because they make lots of money. The most common negative influence of Internet on us is that lots of students got addicted to online games, blog, etc. Thus they are not concentrated in their school works, not doing their job as being a student. Also, wasting more time with Internet as a replacement for of what they are believed to do. It is not only students who are like that; some office workers also got negative influence by Internet. Globalization: Globalization gives the people many motivations for serving poor countries: compassionate, supporting, and political and financially. The reason for which many countries have to help poorer ones may be a question of global security. Due to the interconnectedness of the societies, difficult situations such as conflicts, famines in poor countries influence and jeopardize the security in rich countries like the United States and the European Union. As a result, the troubles of the poor and emergent nations become the dilemma of the urban and wealthy nations of the world. The threats are multiple such as terrorism, trafficking, environmental destruction and disease. As these threats are impending, governments of developed countries take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations for a safer world. Security of the richer and developed nations is based on the development of these poor nations. Improved and up-to-date technology is coming in from developed nations to the developing nations this helps in improving quality of the products made in these countries and it also helps improve constant effectiveness. Though globalization has its positive facets it has some downsides to it. Billions of inhabitants still live in shortage and the space connecting rich and poor at an international level is getting bigger. It is said globalization directs to subordinate buy and sell barriers but the previously poor and developing states are not able to take benefit of the lessening of these trade obstacles, globalization in a way presents urbanized nations with a means of access way to come in hooked on the developing nations with more simplicity and also do trade more freely, it essentially forces out the confined competition for they are not able to gather up with the principles of the products of the urbanized nations. Globalization brings in products that are superior is quality and low in cost as compared to those produced by these developing nations which are not able to produce similar to these, this takes away trade opportunities from these developing nations which was otherwise possible between the developing nations. This leads rising the affluence gap among the urban and mounting inhabitants even more. Internet made the world a â€Å"Global Village†: Globalization, a rising experience that can be illustrated as a â€Å"change in the direction of a more incorporated and mutually supporting world’s financial system†, (Valeria Gennaro Lerda, 2002) has been the focus of numerous books and deliberations for the long-ago decade. Along with the improvement of microprocessors, the Internet is conceivably the most momentous technological modernization of our time, playing an extensive role in the development of globalization. The Internet assisted the development of the movement headed for a global village through the formation of cheaper, quicker and easier means of communication, the stipulation of an enormous collection of information, and the increase of e-commerce. The Internet offers a cheaper, more rapidly and easier technique of communication, a substitute that has shaped a â€Å"universal audience†, as stated by Renato Ruggiero, director general of the World Trade Organization. (Seoul 1997) In evaluating the cost of extended distance phone calls against that of online voice chat the Internet is much more reasonable and also better in excellence. Many web clients now acquire web cameras, microphones, and all the software compulsory to sustain this hardware. This permits users to talk, see, and be seen by the individual they are having a dialogue with. People from Asia can carry discussions with Europeans, Americans or Africans at the similar time, at no additional cost on Msn Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, or MIRC. Communication is also quicker online. An e-mail is mailed and expected by the other party in seconds, as contrasting to regular mail, which may take months to accomplish its destination when sent over the ocean. Thus, citizens all over the earth can reside in touch on a normal basis, converse online on a daily basis and even share documents. When factoring in the easiness of use of the Internet, it is simple to observe why so many persons have a preference communicating this way. All that is mandatory is typing, an ability easily mastered throughout frequent use of the keyboard. Also, the Internet provides an interesting communication with another individual, as ample of illustrations and things and emoticons go together with the software. The affordability, tempo, and handiness of the Internet are the reasons that account for the formation of this â€Å"global audience†. People all over the world are associated to the same association at the same time with the right to use to the same collection of information. This enormous amount of information being accessed by everyone connected to the Internet is in itself a powerful tool in the development of globalization. Anybody can produce a website and put pen to paper no matter what portion of information they aspire. Books, magazines, newspapers, and editorials are shared globally. Video clips, PowerPoint presentations and various materials can be viewed online and used for different purposes. This creates a form of optimistic multiculturalism, where any person with the right to use to the Internet can communicate local, ethnic, religious, and national beliefs to a worldwide and international audience. Consequently, an all-purpose homogenization or â€Å"internationalization† of traditions took place, supporting Western urbanized homelands, their verbal communication and principles, yet escorted by an understanding of a consequential strength or evaporation of confined and underground civilization. This worldwide diffusion of dominant Western and American cultures who are globalized through ownership of production and infrastructure gives â€Å"globalization† a negative connotation often termed hegemony, cultural imperialism, or Americanization by members of underdeveloped countries and by individuals who feel that their country and belief systems are threatened by English-speaking nations. The paradox of global localization is also created when local identity politics becomes a global issue through the Internet. Thus, more and more â€Å"local identity groups are using the technologies of globalization to promote their political interests†. An example is the Taliban in Afghanistan with a website, www. talibanreunited. com, containing alleged terrorist information. Thus, as Benjamin Barber mentioned, â€Å"the world is becoming more and more divided into two cultural, political, and economic camps: homogenized transnational consumerist capitalism now extended to global information, communication, and entertainment and fragmented tribal identity wars by groups rejecting transnational and international influences† (Barber, 1996). This consumerist capitalism is in part driven by e-commerce. E-commerce, a huge element of the globalization observable fact, now comprises a familiar dealing practice. The Web permits production, both little and outsized, to get bigger as a global occurrence at a subordinate cost than ever before. Business can sell their goods and services online cheaper, as the tertiary step in production is eliminated. Consequently, companies acquire a superior worldwide coverage by setting up a business website with the arrangement of products presented, cost, and resources of acquisition. The Internet allows companies to gain access to large international markets, build a wide customer base, and generate more revenue. Financial transactions that take place over the Internet requiring credit card information and other sensitive data require an effective implementation of security measures. To prevent loss and interception of data by a third party, encryption of sensitive information, a very complicated process involving keys, data encryption algorithms and various standards, must be put in place. The minimize the threat of viruses, loss or destruction of vital data, antivirus software must be installed and updated on a regular basis, also a backup of important files must be made. The Web formulates it a lot easier for customers and brokers to come across each other, everywhere they may be positioned and no matter what their size. This was the case for an undersized California-based establish, Cardiac Science, which constructs defibrillators and heart monitors. In 1996, Cardiac Science was very restless to smash into intercontinental marketplace but had slight idea of how to set up an international occurrence. By 1998, the business was advertising to clients in 46 countries and overseas transactions accounted for 85 percent of its $1. 2 million revenues. Even though a part of this trade was developed all the way through export channels, an increasing proportion of it came from â€Å"hits† to the company’s website, which, according to the company’s CEO, â€Å"creates a center of attention of international business citizens like bees to honey† (Hill, 2004). Therefore, the Internet has proven to be the most significant and fastest growing technical innovation today. In 1990, smaller quantity than 1 million consumers was associated to the Internet. The number had increased to 50 million, by the year 1995. In 2001, it raised to 490 million. By the year 2005, it is forecasted that the Internet may have over 1. 12 billion users, which is comparable to 18 percent of the world’s inhabitants (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2008). The notion of a â€Å"global village† is becoming a reality more so than ever and the Internet played a significant role in its expansion. The inexpensive, fast and easy means of communication it provides, coupled with the medium it creates for optimistic multiculturalism, where everyone has access to the same pool of information and is free to share personal beliefs, have created a global audience, where everyone knows exactly what is going on everywhere in the world and is free to communicate at any time. E-commerce takes the Internet from the consumer level and advances it to allow financial and business transactions to take place between businesses and consumers and businesses to businesses without a middleman, and without having to go to the store to buy goods. Web sites like for instance Amazon and e-bay and have become very popular for their cheap products and convenient shipping. Taking these factors into consideration, the Internet had a very large impact on globalization and will continue to shape the growing â€Å"global village† for years to come. Conclusion: With the volatile enlargement in Internet links worldwide, networked communication has the prospective to reduce the size of geographic distances and smooth the progress of information trade among citizens of various surroundings. Telecommunications strategy in the US and other countries determines to extend access to all levels of society, assuming that this will foster greater information exchange while enhancing financial growth. Authorized by information technology such as search engines and automatic filters, IT clients are spending more of their waking hours hooked into the Internet, deciding to work together with information foundations modified to their individual benefits. No longer limited to resources or friends in their geographic areas, these users portend an interactive world without limitations. The distances between places have been reduced and the internet has played a major part in it especially through the fast paced communication it provides. Due to this communication has become so easy that you can find out what is happening in one part of the world by just a click of a button. People are able to reach the flung areas of Africa and get news from there; places which people did not even know existed. Internet has played a major role in promoting globalization. It has reduced the distances and brought the world closer. Read more: Invention Essay

Organisation, Competition and enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisation, Competition and enviroment - Essay Example The public provided services and the government policies have its own implications on the market and the organizations. It is imperative to have a holistic understanding of the economic system in order to have clarity of the production and consumption of products and services in an organization. It also helps in comprehending the various reasons that leads to competition between organizations. An economic system is a process that decides economic policies and economic activity of a society. The production, distribution and consumption of products and services largely depend on it. There are three main features of an economic system. They are capitalism, free trade and free capital transfer and national economic policy. [Holte, n. d]. Capitalism refers to the production of goods by the privately owned firms and selling those products in competition with the other private organizations selling the same products. The policy which allow investment, production, distribution and consumption of products and services in a country by other countries and vice-versa is called free trade and free capital transfer. In this case, there is larger market for products and services since the customers are world-wide. ... [Comparative economic system, n. d]. In a traditional economic system, the methodology practiced for the production and distribution of the products and services by the people is the same as followed by their ancestors. The occupation of present generation remains the same as their parents and grandparents. For instance, many of the communities whose main occupation was agriculture still practice the same to make a living. Economic systems were the individuals decide their occupation and their role as a buyer and seller is called market economic system. In this type of e system, individuals are responsible for purchasing or selling goods and services. A command economic system is the one were the organizations exist and function based on the decision of the government. This kind of economic system allows the government to make decisions about the production of goods and services. It is solely the responsibility of the government to sell goods and services. [Comparative economic syste m, n. d]. The discretion of the implementation of various types of economic system largely depends on the state. However, different people have different views about the role of a state in deciding its economic system. Metzger [2004] states that "I am not the sort who believes the State is a necessary institution at all. However, many libertarians do think that a minimal State is useful." According to Kovcs and Kemny [1999] since state has the authority in deciding its economic system, they should revise the economic policy in accordance to the requirement of the given economic environment. Kotz [2004] reports that in a democratic socialist country the strategies implemented by the state can only lead to its development. There are states were the government is the single

Sex Predator - Societal Protection vs. Constitutional Rights Essay

Sex Predator - Societal Protection vs. Constitutional Rights - Essay Example Individuals who engage in sex crimes such as rape or child sex are known as sexual predators. However, the term may be applied depending on the moral beliefs and sometimes may not be a criminal behaviour. In communities, a predator may refer to somebody who seeks dominance or submission in an exploitative manner. The Constitution and the society have different views regarding sexual predators and the legality of the action. The sexual predator law, the statute mandates long periods of civil commitment for habitual sexual offenders and sexual psychopaths in their criminal sentences. For instance, in the US sexual predator laws were very popular in the 1990s although they led to constitutional questions (Carpenter, 2012). One of the concerns was the double jeopardy and the need to balance the rights of the offenders and those of the community in which they came from. The laws' strictness is due to the possibility of a sex offender repeating an action once released from prison and there fore, long-term jail period is necessary. The offenders also undergo screening to rule out the possibility of a mental disorder to the offender and give treatment before passing judgment. The state has the role of detaining the offender and give treatment until the individual is cured of the illness as explained by Bartol & Bartol (2012). The supreme court of the United States holds the Kansa’s sexual predator law, which requires the state prove mental abnormality as a before detainment of the offender.

Business intelligence and database and information management Research Paper

Business intelligence and database and information management - Research Paper Example However a proper business intelligence system is worthless if the model of information and data storage does not provide a good management system. As such, it is necessary to have a good data management system. A Data Management System (DBMS) is an application that manages the execution of user data in the data regulating their access and modification capabilities. This guarantees the reliability, security and integrity of the data. Over the years these platforms have evolved greatly from simple queries to a wide array of systems that are applied broadly. This paper seeks to show the importance of having Business intelligence as well as data and information management systems through the review of various literatures and the incorporation of a case study. Market analysis of consumer data is not a new practice as it has been in use since the ancient Mesopotamians time where clay tablets were used to store information (Thierauf, 2001). Although the systems in use may have evolved dramatically, the core principles of the practices have not. Data mining and business intelligence in an organizational setting main goal is to analyze the market practices with the aim of providing the best course of action for specific market populations (Nandi, 2014). Traditionally, business intelligence was meant to; analyze vendor relationships, sales trends, effectiveness of marketing, customer habits, market behavior and manage organizational finances as well as predict demand (Shaw, 2011). However, with the development of intelligent systems, the scope of the practice has grown with the systems having broader applications. These include tracking of service delivery, sharing of information of between professionals like doctors and safeguarding the priva cy of individuals’ information (Shaw, 2011). Nevertheless, the data management systems of today that have enabled large data storage in

LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER OF MY PROJECT (research proposal on the Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER OF MY PROJECT (research proposal on the difficulties single fathers face raising a child in lonodon - Essay Example 15) maintains that there are a number of reasons for the perpetuation of the difficulties single father face. To start with, societal perceptions of single fathers contribute to insufficient and quite often no public or private support for single fathers. Additionally, the UK National Statistics (2011) report that single fathers are more likely to be working parents compared to single mothers. According to a 2001 UK National Statistics released in February 2011, just over 62 per cent of single fathers compared to just over 47 per cent of single mothers. This chapter explores the literature relative to the status and treatment of single fathers in the UK generally, but with particular focus on single fathers in London. The purpose of this chapter is to establish a conceptual framework for demonstrating that single fathers in London face a number of difficulties as a result of both societal and government treatment and perceptions of single fathers and fathers generally. This chapter w ill also explore the possibility that fathers are already disadvantaged by the fact that they are typically working fathers, obviating a greater need for support. I. Public Perceptions of Fatherhood Public perceptions of fatherhood are generally reflected in expectations and experiences within the family structure and based on public policies and legislation. There is a paucity of empirical research in public perceptions of fatherhood. Much of the literature is comprised of historical developments, legal developments, and policy decisions. For the most part, public perceptions of fatherhood are deduced from expectations within the family as expressed in the social sciences and by the law and policy makers as primarily expressed in the law. Daly (1993, p. 511) conducted a study involving 32 fathers of children under the age of 6 and reports that one of the greatest barriers to successful single fatherhood is public perceptions of the role of the father. Daly’s (1993, p. 511) s urvey of the subject fathers discovered that these fathers of the young children were informed of their roles by pervious experiences with their own fathers. According to Dowd (2002, p. 5) theorizes that public perceptions of fatherhood are embedded in the law’s perpetuation of the father as a biological and economic figure, which essentially denies that the father is a nurturing parent. Di Torella (2007, p. 319) substantiates Dwod’s theory by pointing out that although the Work and Family Act 2006 seeks to reinvent the role of the father, it is primarily geared toward accommodating the working mother, rather than the working father and therefore continues to perpetuate the public perception that the father is the financial rather than substantive parent. The legal treatment of the father is explored in greater detail below in Section III below. For present purposes, suffice it to state that according to Dowd (2002, p. 5) the legal representation of the father stems fr om the traditional and historical representation of the father as a property owner and source of financial support for the child. It is hardly surprising that public perceptions of fatherhood tend to undermine the significance of the father in the child’s development and growth. Vincent and Ball (2006, p. 90) inform that based on their interpretation of legal and public treatment of the father, both â€Å"popular and policy discourses on fathers are not flattering†

Assignment Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment Two - Essay Example Christianity, the religion of Jesus Christ and his followers, is frequently described as the most tolerant of the monotheistic religions. Perhaps this is true but Christianity is not without its history of forced conversion, pogroms and religious intolerance. Although the founder of Protestantism and responsible for the historically significant schism within Christianity and the Catholic Church, Martin Luther also displayed a candid intolerance towards people who did not share his religious persuasion. Accordingly, Luther writes that the â€Å"Turks pretend, despite the Holy Scriptures, that they are the chosen people of God, descendents of Ishmael† and argues that they are slanderous, warlike and barbaric. Although his saves much disdain for the Catholic Church, the Muslims people are to be feared and their idolatry is not too be tolerated (Luther 116-117). Roger Williams, an early American settler and founder of what would later become Rhode Island, railed against the Cathol ic Church and Catholicism in general but also preached for a plurality of religious persuasions in the United States. Advocating religious tolerance and diversity in this new land he was a strong proponent of the division between church and state (Williams 117). Accordingly, there is also a strong tradition of religious tolerance in Islam, dating back to the Middle Ages and the Empire of Akbar in the 16th century. Akbar, Mughal Emperor of a vast Muslim-majority empire, represented an era of tolerance and openness to religious other than Islam and presided over a diverse population. Although a Muslim himself and presiding over a larger Muslim population, Akbar also reached out to the Hindus in his Empire and further drew inspiration from the Buddhists, Zoroastrians and other religious denominations in the empire. According to a less than laudatory biographer, Christians were also integrated into the empire and encouraged their beliefs within the dominant

Group Cohesion and Productivity (MGT 415) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Cohesion and Productivity (MGT 415) - Essay Example I had recently joined the organization and was not fully aware of the all the operations and technologies (Losh). The technology that was used in the organization was very advance. However, instructions and trainings were provided by the management, but many of us still had issues. This problem was resolved when a group project comprising of 6 team members were announced to us. Since, I was new in the organization I had to cope up with different things (Feldman and Arnold), and because of the other 5 members I was able to do so. Working in a team turned out to be helpful and effective as it allowed me and others to share knowledge and overcome shortfalls. The project successfully ended before the given deadline. On the contrary, a similar team project did not work very well a few weeks ago. The team members including me did not have a mutual understanding with each other; thus, the decisions were vague and did not turn out to be as efficient as the last project. The project also failed as the productions was in a deficit and also exceeded the time

Food and Culture Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food and Culture Report - Assignment Example The most prominent nutritional ailment is obesity, which has a higher prevalence among African-Americans, as compared to any other group in the United States. These facts have motivated the interest on focusing on this ethnic group’s health habits. Approximate number of people belonging to this group living in the U.S. According to the 2011 U.S Census Bureau estimates, African-Americans number approximately 40 million and account for 14.1 percent of the total population in the United States.1 Traditional Food Habits Core or Staple Foods When African slaves were brought into the United States, they carried along their food practices and styles of cooking. Some of the staple foods they brought along include okra, peanuts, sesame seeds, rice and black-eyed peas. The slaves also learned to prepare the food provided by their masters such as pork, vegetables and cornmeal. They also used molasses as a sweetener in food dishes and drinks such as iced tea. These are still being applied to date. African-Americans also celebrate their cultural holidays through the promotion of unique cooking, characterized by ethnic styles which are sometimes referred to as soul food.2 For instance, fish has always been considered a staple food among the African-Americans. ... Food Preparation Methods and Seasonings Many African-Americans prepare food using a frying or barbecuing method and serve the prepared dishes with heavy sauces and gravy. They also prefer making baked goods from scratch, as opposed to using commercial mixes, which come pre-packaged in a box. Meal Composition and Cycle It is customary for African Americans to consume a lot of food for breakfast. In the morning, they prefer eating grits, sausage, ham and freshly baked biscuits with syrup and butter. Lunch usually consists of bologna, which is eaten in sandwiches. The dinner is normally baked chicken with corn bread, baked ham, green vegetables, rice, candied yams and baked macaroni and cheese. Dessert is comprised of fruit cake and/or apple pie. Foods Associated With Superstitions Most of the superstitions revolve around the consumption of black-eyed peas. If the black-eyed peas are served with greens the food represents money i.e. the peas represent coins while the greens represent no tes.2 If the corn bread is added to the black-eyed peas and greens meal, this represents gold. If eaten with stewed tomatoes, it represents health and wealth. The culture dictates that for one to witness everyday luck, they should eat at least 365 black-eyed peas during New Year’s Eve. Foods Used For Therapeutic Purposes Most contemporary African Americans have become more health conscious and realize the significance of ensuring that their diets contribute to their well-being.3 This has resulted in an increase in the addition of fruits and vegetables in every dish. They have also ventured into healthier and lighter cooking with the traditional fattier foods being left for special holidays and occasions. Foods for Traditional Celebrations

Comparison six research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparison six research methods - Essay Example Longitudinal studies as well as observational studies are generally used in those places where a lot of time is taken to finally extract useful information. Questionnaire surveys are used for getting quick responses and used for pilot studies as well as feedback processes. Focus groups and Delphi techniques generally use experts as their respondents. All of the above methods have their own benefits and disadvantages. Few limitations of these market research methods have also been discussed which can be further studied and reinvented to form better and more efficient research methods. Introduction Business research is described as an organized and systematic effort which aims to investigate a specific issue or problem which has been encountered during the work setting and requires solving (Seale, 2004). The first stage in a research process is the identification of the critical problem. Once the problem has been clearly defined, the next steps include gathering information, analyzing data and solving the problem by taking necessary steps and corrective measures. Research methods Research methods are of various categories depending on the requirements of the research. These methods use different approaches, tools and techniques for conducting a research. However, they can be divided into two broad categories. Quantitative methods are generally used during development research while participatory or qualitative research is used to get desirable outcomes. Even though these research methods are continuously used in various research questions and studies, yet they are continuously being developed as well as integrated in order to gain better results (Coffey & Aktinson, 1996). A thin line of difference exists between research methods and research methodology. While research methods talks about specific activities which are created to generate data, research methodology is about the understanding as well as attitude of the researcher towards the strategy and research w hich is chosen in order to answer the research questions. Implication and Discussion Longitudinal study is a type of correlation research involving repeated observations. This type of study can extend for many years and even decades. Here the same participants are studied for a particular period (Diggle, Heagerty, Liang & Zeger, 2002). It is generally used while studying clinical events such as, HIV patients and their diseases and immunity status, across various countries and over time (Frison & Pocock, 1992). It is used in individual studies where participants are studied and tracked (Hogan & Laird, 1997). It is also used in household panel studies where people are tracked and observed within their vicinity for collecting data. Longitudinal studies are high in terms of validity. Individuals usually fail to remember previous events and even if they are insisted, they might not remember the correct data. Longitudinal studies are particularly helpful in finding out long term variation s or changes. The estimates collected in this study are more efficient compared to cross-sectional studies (Donner & Klar, 1994). However, there are certain limitations associated with longitudinal studies. Gathering results during longitudinal study is very difficult as it is time taking and tedious. More often than not, participants drop out before completion of the survey. This process is known as subject attrition and is very