Pascal and his life table.

protoactinium was a child prodigy, who was educated by his father. He was a mathematician of the first regulate. At 16 he wrote the Essai pour les coniques which was publish in 1640. In 1642 he invented a calculating apparatus to help his father, who served as Royal Tax Commissi one and only(a)r at Rouen. pappa is often credited with the discovery of the mathematical theory of probability, and he also made serious contributions to number theory and geometry.

In 1646 dad learned of Toricellis experiments with the barometer and the theory of air preassure. These experiments involved placing a organ pipe of mercury upside down in a wheel of mercury. Pascal repeated Toricellis experiments and did more work which led to the issuance of Experiences nouvelles touchant le vide in 1647. Aristotle had argued against the atomists that nature abhors a vacume. This was a control still strongly held in the seventeenth century, even by such anti-Aristotelians as Descartes and Hobbes. In the Experiences Pascal explains the reasons why a genuine vacume could and did exist above the mercury in the barometer. In defending these conclusions against Father Noel, rector of the College de Clermont in Paris, Pascal gave one of the clearest statements of scientific method in the seventeenth century.

Pascal became involved with a religious movement in France know as Jansenism by and by its founder Cornelis Jansen (1585-1636) in 1646 when Pascals father had an accident and was cared for by Jansenists. after Pascals father died in 1651, his sister became a nun at a Port Royal convent run by the Jansenists. From 1652 to 1654 Pascal turned away from religious interests spending his time with gamblers, womanizers and excess thinkers. However, on the night of Nov. 23, 1654 Pascal had a conversion experience. In 1655 Pascal metAntoine Arnauld who was the...

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