Gallienus

Honors World annals10/24/08Con live scallywagPage 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Content PagePage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IntroductionPage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birth/Death Date, Family,Early Life, Rise to powerPage 3-5 . . . . . . . . . . ??Summary of his win: major events, major accomplishments, ` major problemsPage 4-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of his reign and how it endedPage 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . valuation of his reignPublius Licinius Valerianus Egnatius G whole(prenominal)ienus, or G tout ensembleienus, was innate(p) in the year 218 A.D. His find, Publius Licinius Valerianus, or Valerian was a illustrious and bulky general in capital of Italy?s array beginning approximately 253 A.D. All biography presented by G completelyienus concerning Valerian is presented in an extremely fragmentary manner, which denotes a very(prenominal) negatively prejudice view by Gallienus toward his father. Little is cogni ze about Valerian notwithstanding that he served as part of the Senate, was a bully general, and served as the emperor butterfly of Rome for a plosive speech sound. History as well tells that Valerian marital Mariniana and that a son, Gallienus, was born to them. Gallienus was very fond of Greek horticulture and in any case was wise in attempting to preserve as very much of romish record as possible. Otherwise, Rome would not gather in been worth the fight. During his reign, Gallienus travelight-emitting diode to Attica in Greece and was initiated into the mystery cult of Eleusis. History at this prison term is marked by the inability of some(prenominal) Roman emperor moth to maintain a strong chain on the Roman Imperium. Gallienus was an exception to this rule due to his great successes as Augustus, the secondary emperor next to his father Valerian. Gallienus was authencetic as Augustus at an early age. Augustus in Latin subject matter ?the increaser,? ?ve nerable,? or ?majestic.? Valerian decided t! hat it was important for him to share power every eccentric person with his son and placed Gallienus in charge of the entire west portion of the Roman Empire. This allowed for an extremely flexible rule all all over Rome. Gallienus? reign was angiotensin-converting enzyme of constant defense from onset of unusual populates. Gallienus rarely had any time to himself as he was continuously support remote regions of his empire or suppressing frequent rebellions all over his imperium. In the early years of his joint reign with his father, Gallienus center on suppressing small invasions and the breakout of riots in conquered areas. Whenever a in the altogether person came into power over the Roman Empire, rear end breakouts and rioting among the conquered mountain followed. These uprising had to be suppressed forwards anything else could be done. Gallienus dealt with defending the extremities of his portion of the empire from invasion of brute(a) tribes and p ower hungry nations in the very beginning of his reign. Gallienus had fade down many of these rebellions by the year 260 A.D. and escortd security by making an alliance with the Marcomannic king whose daughter, Pipa, he took as a concubine even though he was married to Cornelia Salonia. In 257 A.D., Valerian rescued Antioch from Iranian control, but only temporarily. In 259 A.D., later on on on renewed Persian attacks, Valerian attempted to make stillness with the Persian queen Saphor. Saphor would not stand for this and captured Valerian through treachery. Valerian was then greatly humiliated by Saphor, who used him as a merciful mounting block for the king?s horse. Valerian was later skin to make a more lasting pillage of King Saphor?s cunning. This ended the life of Valerian. Through all of this, Gallienus does not seem to care that his father has died and seems not to incur that his father never returned from Persia. Gallienus simply stepped in to the role of encompass emperor of the Roman Empire without a secon! d thought. also virtually this time, Gallienus began to separate the civil and military functions of Rome?s idyll governors by making them into lowly civil administrators. Gallienus? brain bearing of reinforcing his position as emperor is seen through the coins during this time. The coins from this period see evidence of a successful propaganda campaign in a time thousands of years before television or newspapers. umpteen of the Roman mints in this time produced coins portraying soldiers and the inwardness ?FIDES MILITVM? or ? subjection of soldiers? de scandalize constant rebellion of armies against Gallienus. Gallienus went to great measures to ensure that he was depicted as victorious, merciful, and pious. In addition, Gallienus introduced a new coin series to the general public depicting his enactment disguised as some(prenominal) of the Greek deities. Roman people who used these coins every day were constantly reminded of their Greek heritage and therefore remain ed loyal to the Emperor. During Gallienus? reign, there was constant fighting on the western frontier of the Roman Empire. By the year 260 A.D., Gallienus had at sea complete control of Gaul. In the traditional fashion, Claudius II Gothicus gained the loyalty of the forces and succeeded Gallienus to the Imperium. In the months leading up to his shadowy dying in September of 268 A.D., Gallienus was ironically orchestrating the greatest achievements of his reign. An invasion of Goths into the nation of Pannonia was leading to disaster and even threatening Rome, date at the same time, the Alamanni were a creating a ruckus in the Yankee part of Italy. Gallienus halted the progress of the Alamanni by defeating them in action in 268 A.D., and then he turned north and win several victories over the Huns. That fall, he attacked the Goths once again. In September, each he or Claudius, his leading general, led the Roman army to advantage at the Battle of Naissus. At some time followers this battle, Gallienus authority was chall! enged by Aureolus, commanding officer of the champaign army in Milan, who supported Postumus. Gallienus moved to lay beleaguer to Mediolanum, but during the siege he was murdered. He died in 268 A.D. on that point are divergent accounts of his murder. According to the Historia capital of Maine, an unreliable ejaculate compiled long by and by the events it describes, a conspiracy was led by the commander of the guard Aurelianus Heraclianus and Marcianus. Cecropius, commander of the Dalmatians, spread the forge that Aureolus was leaving the city and Gallienus left his tent without his bodyguard, only to be struck down by Cecropius (Historia Augusta - Gallieni, xiv.4-11). One strain has Claudius selected as emperor by the conspirators, some other elect by Gallienus on his death bed. The Historia Augusta was inte substituteed to be the descent of the Constantinian dynasty from Claudius, and this may explain its accounts, which do not expect Claudius in the murder. Th e other sources, (Zosimus and Zonaras), report that the conspiracy was unionised by Heracles, Claudius, and Aurelian. As a final act of spite against Gallienus, the Roman Senate defied Gallienus a proper burial in one of the down Roman mausoleums. The Senate ordered Gallienus? body to be located to rest in a tomb nine miles south to the highest detail of Rome on the Via Appia. Gallienus wife, Cornelia Salonina, bore Gallienus three sons: Valerianus, Saloninus, and Egnatius Marinianus. Valerianus died in 258 A.D. Salonius died by and by enough co-emperor. He was killed by his tutor, Posthmus. Egnatius Marinianus became a consul in 268 A.D. Claudius spared the lives of Gallienus family and landed estate his predecessor defied. Gallienus, in large part, has been passed over by historians. bust of this is due to Gaul?s secession and the fact that Gallienus was profitless to reconquer it. Recently, Gallienus has begun to be seen in a more plus light. He was the c reator of some very useful reforms. His roughly pro! minent contribution to military history was the creation of a cavalry only unit of the army, which could be dispatched quickly without all of the usual red tape involved in trigger off the army. This set an example followed by future emperors Diocletian and Constantine I. Gallienus also forbade Senators from decorous military commanders. This greatly undermined the Senate?s power as equestrian commanders rose to prominence. These reforms not only helped Aurelian to salvage the empire, but also placed Gallienus in the league of the Roman Dominate on with Septimius Severus, Dicletian, and Constantine I. Gallienus was one of the last rulers to be called ?First Citizen.? His self promotional material laid the foundation for the emperors who would be addressed as ? maestro and God.?Works Cited1.Author Unknown. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus. Roman-empire.net. Date published unknown. 25 Oct. 2008 . 2.Gallieni. Historia Augusta. Chapter xiv. Page 4-11. 3.Wiegel, Richard D. Gallienus. Roman-emperors.org. 3 Aug. 1998. Western Kentucky University. 25 Oct. 2008 . If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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